Journal of Millimeterwave Communication, Optimization and Modelling

A Hybrid Security Approach to Nuclear Power Plants

2024-10-18T09:39:40+00:00

It has recently been observed that the energy crisis in the countries has become more severe as a result of the experienced global crises. Similarly, in response to the rising demand for energy, countries have started to use alternative energy sources. Nuclear power plants are regarded as one of the best alternatives for producing energy, in part due to their high energy output and low carbon emissions. However, there are significant adverse effects on both human and environmental health from a potential radioactive leak. Hence, in order to produce nuclear energy safely, the necessary safety precautions should be taken. Providing cyber security has grown in importance as a result of the advancement of technology, both in nuclear power plants and other areas. The 2010 STUXNET attack is an illustration of how challenging and crucial it is to implement the necessary security measures against cyberattacks in nuclear power plants. It has been determined from studies in the literature that there are studies that look at environmental, occupational health and safety, and cyber security concerns separately in nuclear power plants, but that there isn't a study that appears at these issues simultaneously and comprehensively. In order to follow the studies on environmental safety, occupational health and safety, and cyber security in nuclear power plants in an integrated manner, a hybrid safety and security unit approach has been proposed in this study. Additionally, this research will examine the precautions that should be taken in a nuclear power plant for environmental safety, occupational health and safety, and especially cyber security.

A Secure Lightweight Authentication Scheme for RFID Systems in IoT Environment

2025-01-21T09:07:00+00:00

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology is suitable for IoT applications. RFID is cheap and light weight and hence it is very popular in IoT technology. The concern of research community is the privacy and security issue of RFID system. Due to low storages of RID tag it a challenging research problem to ensure privacy and security such as data visibility, loss, modification, eavesdrop etc. In this paper we propose a new RFID authentication protocol for RFID system. It ensures privacy and security in IOT environment in a more efficient way. To ensure better security we use a different password for each tag and it changes after each authentication process. It also can protect from an unexpected lack of synchronization in case an incomplete authentication is held for any unwanted problem in authentication phase. The proposed protocol shows some relatively superior performance in some aspects of computation and storages.

Performance Of Grape Leaves Extract As Green Inhibitor On Corrosion Inhibition Of Mild Steel In Acidic Media

2024-09-30T13:53:48+00:00

The inhibitive effect of grape leaves Extract (GLE) on mild steel in acidic Media with different temperatures polarization measures and weight loss have been used to investigate. The study obtained that the corrosion rate increases with increasing of acid concentration and the used green inhibitor (GLE) inhibited the electrochemical reaction to its lowest levels. Temperature and extract concentration both increase corrosion inhibition effectiveness. Grape leaf extract was adsorbed according to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. According to the thermodynamic characteristics, there was an exothermic, spontaneous adsorption process with a rise in entropy. Polarization curves demonstrated the mixed-type inhibitory properties of grape leaves extract.

The classification of pen ink aging by machine learning and deep learning technique using Raman spectrum

2024-10-18T09:21:54+00:00

Forgery of valuable documents generally constitutes falsification methods based on altering a previously written document by using similar or identical ink. In the event of the aforementioned situation, forensic science experts conduct various technical examinations on the relevant document using different devices. One of the main purposes of these examinations is to determine the differences in the aging levels of the inks relative to each other. Raman Spectra, which is also used for different purposes in forensic sciences, is one of the methods that can be used in this field. The Raman spectrometer provides information about molecules' vibration energy levels and presents the analyzed region's spectral signature values. Experts can observe the time-dependent changes that occur in the substances in the region under investigation relative to each other and in the substance content through the information obtained. Utilizing this information, sample data were created at different times using the same pen on A4 paper in our study. These data were divided into two groups old and new data. Raman spectra were taken with a 785 nm laser on both sample data. Sequential Keras model, KNN, and SVM algorithms were used to detect ink aging on paper. The k-fold cross-validation method was used to determine the classification performance more accurately. The results showed that the classification performance was 98.71% for the neural network and 100% for the KNN and SVM.

A GaN-based Power Amplifier Module Design for 5G Base Stations

2025-02-27T22:48:31+00:00

This paper presents a compact Power Amplifier Module (PAM) with class-AB topology designed for new-generation cellular base stations. The center frequency of 3.5GHz PAM is designed to target 5G New Radio (NR) and Long Term Evolution (LTE) bands. The module combines lumped element-based input, output matching networks, and a Gallium Nitride (GaN) High Mobility-Electron Transistor (HEMT) die, making it a hybrid design. The module was designed on a Rogers4003C laminate of 8.5 x 5.2 mm. Full-laminate layout electromagnetic analysis and vendor-supplied compact GaN device models are used in co-simulations to check the design's small signal and large signal behavior. The output power is tuned to 37.1 dBm with 39% power added efficiency(PAE). The transducer power gain is 12.4 dB, while the input and output return losses are -11.7 dB and -6.4 dB, respectively. Besides the small signal stability analysis, the large signal conditions are investigated to ensure unconditional stability up to the maximum oscillation frequency of the device.